Key Takeaways

• Licorice root contains glycyrrhizin, a compound approximately 50 times sweeter than sugar with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
• Historically used for over 3,000 years across various cultures, licorice root has been a staple in traditional medicine for respiratory conditions and digestive issues.
• DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) offers the healing benefits for stomach ulcers and acid reflux without the potential side effects associated with glycyrrhizin.
• Beyond medicinal uses, licorice root adds complex flavor to cuisines worldwide and can be used in teas, syrups, and savory dishes.
• While offering numerous health benefits, licorice root requires careful usage as it can affect blood pressure and interact with certain medications.

The Sweet and Powerful World of Licorice Root

Licorice root is far more than just the flavor behind black candy. This remarkable plant, scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra, has been healing people for millennia while delighting taste buds with its distinctive sweetness. Found naturally across Southern Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia, this member of the legume family holds a treasure trove of compounds that modern science is only beginning to fully understand.

What makes this ancient remedy so enduring in both traditional medicine systems and modern kitchens is its remarkable versatility. From soothing sore throats to calming upset stomachs, and from flavoring beverages to enhancing savory dishes, licorice root’s applications span an impressive range. Today, we’ll explore how this humble root became one of the most revered medicinal plants across civilizations and why it continues to hold significance in both healing practices and culinary arts.

What Makes Licorice Root Special: Glycyrrhizin and Its Properties

The star player in licorice root’s impressive lineup of nearly 300 beneficial compounds is glycyrrhizin (also called glycyrrhizinic acid). This remarkable substance, which gives licorice its signature sweetness, is approximately 50 times sweeter than ordinary table sugar. Beyond simply pleasing the palate, glycyrrhizin possesses potent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties that contribute to many of the root’s therapeutic effects.

Glycyrrhizin works on multiple levels within the body. It helps modulate the immune system, reduces inflammation by inhibiting certain enzymes, and has been shown to have antiviral capabilities against various pathogens. This multifaceted action explains why licorice root has remained valuable across such diverse healing traditions for thousands of years.

However, this powerful compound also requires respect. When consumed in large amounts or over extended periods, glycyrrhizin can affect the body’s management of sodium and potassium, potentially leading to increased blood pressure in sensitive individuals. This is why modern supplemental forms often include deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL), which retains many beneficial properties while minimizing these concerns.

Beyond Candy: The Real Source of Licorice Flavor

Many people are surprised to learn that most “licorice” candy available today contains little to no actual licorice root. Instead, these confections typically get their flavor from anise oil, which provides a similar but distinct taste profile. True licorice flavor is more complex – simultaneously sweet, bitter, and slightly woody – with hints of anise but a deeper, earthier character.

Authentic licorice is particularly popular in Northern European countries like Finland, Sweden, and the Netherlands, where traditional candy-making still incorporates the real root extract. Beyond confections, licorice root has found its way into beverages ranging from herbal teas to craft beers, soft drinks, and even some spirits. In parts of the Middle East and Mediterranean, the raw root itself is sometimes chewed as a breath freshener and digestive aid.

“Licorice is one of humanity’s oldest documented medicinals, appearing in texts from ancient Egypt to traditional Chinese medicine. Its healing properties have been continuously utilized for over 3,000 years, making it one of our most enduring natural remedies.” – Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Licorice Root’s Ancient Medicinal History

Few medicinal plants can claim a history as rich and extensive as licorice root. Archaeological evidence shows licorice was being used therapeutically as far back as 2300 BCE. A cache of licorice root sticks was even discovered in the tomb of King Tutankhamun, suggesting its value was so great that it accompanied pharaohs into the afterlife. This ancient remedy wasn’t just popular in a single region – it achieved remarkable status across multiple civilizations independently.

Traditional Chinese Medicine has included licorice (called gan cao) in its pharmacopeia for over two millennia. Chinese healers recognized it as a harmonizing agent that enhanced the effects of other herbs while reducing the potential side effects of stronger medicinals. Meanwhile, across the Mediterranean, Greek physicians, including Hippocrates, documented licorice’s abilities to quench thirst, alleviate coughs, and heal wounds. The Romans later used it extensively in their legions, with soldiers carrying licorice root on campaigns to boost endurance and treat battle injuries.

Egyptian Pharaohs to Chinese Medicine: 3,000 Years of Healing

The ancient Egyptians were perhaps the earliest documented users of licorice root as a medicinal substance, creating a sweet drink called “Mai sus” from the root. This concoction was considered so valuable that it was reserved primarily for pharaohs and priests. This exclusivity suggests the root was a rare or highly prized commodity within the Egyptian social structure. Egyptian papyri describe licorice preparations for treating a wide range of conditions, from liver problems to skin diseases, demonstrating a sophisticated understanding of its varied applications.

The high value of licorice is further confirmed by its discovery in large quantities—including bundles of the root—among the treasures of Tutankhamun’s tomb, suggesting it was considered essential for the Pharaoh’s afterlife.

As trade routes expanded throughout the ancient world, knowledge of licorice’s benefits spread across continents. By the Han Dynasty in China (206 BCE–220 CE), licorice had become one of the most prescribed herbs in traditional formulations. Chinese medicine particularly valued its ability to “harmonize” formulas containing multiple herbs and recognized its affinity for treating respiratory and digestive conditions.

The Greek physician Theophrastus, writing in the 3rd century BCE, called licorice “Scythian root” and documented its use for asthma, dry coughs, and healing wounds. This knowledge was later expanded by Pliny and Dioscorides, whose medical writings would influence European medicine for over 1,500 years. Throughout the Middle Ages, monastery gardens across Europe cultivated licorice root, ensuring its continued use as a valued healing agent through the Renaissance and into modern times. For more information on similar herbs, you might explore the benefits of hyssop.

Traditional Uses Across Different Cultures

Throughout history, licorice root established itself as a cross-cultural healing agent with remarkably similar applications despite geographic separation. Ayurvedic medicine in India employed licorice (called Yashtimadhu) as a rejuvenative tonic and lung support herb, while Arabian physicians prescribed it for liver protection and as a gentle laxative. These parallel discoveries of licorice’s therapeutic properties across isolated civilizations speak to its genuine efficacy.

Native American tribes who encountered licorice species indigenous to North America likewise discovered its medicinal properties. The Blackfoot and Pawnee peoples used native licorice species to treat coughs, sore throats, and digestive upset – applications strikingly similar to those documented in ancient Chinese and Middle Eastern texts. This convergence of medicinal uses across disconnected cultures provides compelling evidence for licorice’s therapeutic value.

How Ancient Healers Prepared Licorice Remedies

Ancient medical practitioners developed sophisticated preparation methods to extract licorice’s beneficial compounds. In Egypt and Mesopotamia, healers created concentrated syrups by boiling the roots in water, then reducing the liquid to a thick, sweet paste that could be stored for long periods. This method effectively concentrated glycyrrhizin and other water-soluble compounds.

Chinese medicine employed different preparation techniques depending on the condition being treated. For respiratory ailments, the roots were typically dry-fried to enhance their warming properties and lung affinity. For digestive issues, raw or honey-fried licorice was preferred to preserve its cooling and moistening effects. Greek and Roman physicians often combined licorice with honey and herbs like thyme or hyssop for respiratory complaints, creating lozenges that would slowly dissolve in the mouth – an early predecessor to modern cough drops.

The Science Behind Licorice Root’s Healing Power

Modern research has begun validating what traditional healers knew through observation and experience. Licorice root contains a complex array of bioactive compounds that work through multiple mechanisms to provide therapeutic effects. Beyond its famous glycyrrhizin content, licorice contains flavonoids, chalcones, coumarins, and triterpenoids – each contributing to its medicinal profile.

Studies have demonstrated licorice’s ability to modulate inflammation through several pathways, including inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This multi-targeted anti-inflammatory action explains its effectiveness against conditions ranging from sore throats to irritated digestive tracts. Additionally, research from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health has highlighted licorice’s potential antimicrobial properties against certain bacteria and viruses, including those affecting respiratory health.

Glycyrrhizin: 50 Times Sweeter Than Sugar With Anti-Inflammatory Benefits

Glycyrrhizin, the compound responsible for licorice’s distinctive sweetness, comprises up to 15% of the root’s dry weight. This remarkable molecule has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties beyond mere flavor enhancement. Research published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology demonstrates that glycyrrhizin inhibits an enzyme called 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which influences cortisol activity in the body. This mechanism explains part of licorice’s anti-inflammatory effects.

Laboratory studies have revealed glycyrrhizin’s potential against various viral pathogens. It appears to interfere with virus replication cycles and may help boost the immune system’s natural defense mechanisms. This antiviral potential has prompted investigations into glycyrrhizin’s role against respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, and even more complex viral conditions.

However, this same enzyme-inhibiting mechanism that provides therapeutic benefits can also lead to unwanted effects when consumed in large amounts. By affecting cortisol metabolism, high doses of glycyrrhizin can influence sodium retention and potassium excretion, potentially raising blood pressure in susceptible individuals. This dual nature – powerful healing properties alongside potential side effects – underscores the importance of appropriate dosing and preparation methods.

Flavonoids and Other Beneficial Compounds

While glycyrrhizin receives much attention, licorice’s therapeutic profile extends far beyond this single compound. The root contains over 300 different phytochemicals, many with demonstrated biological activities. Flavonoids like liquiritin and isoliquiritin exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and even potential anti-cancer properties according to preliminary research.

Glabridin, another significant compound in licorice root, has shown particularly promising effects in studies. This isoflavone demonstrates potent antioxidant capacity, appears to support cardiovascular health by affecting cholesterol metabolism, and may help regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, licorice contains various polysaccharides that appear to support immune function by modulating white blood cell activity. For more on similar beneficial compounds, explore the properties of fenugreek.

Licorice Root for Respiratory Relief

One of licorice root’s most enduring traditional uses has been for respiratory support – particularly for dry, irritated coughs and sore throats. The root’s demulcent properties create a soothing coating on irritated mucous membranes, while its anti-inflammatory compounds help reduce the underlying irritation. This dual-action approach explains why licorice has remained a staple ingredient in natural cough remedies across cultures for thousands of years.

Modern research has begun validating these traditional applications. A 2015 study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that licorice root extract significantly reduced cough frequency and severity in participants with upper respiratory tract infections. Additionally, test-tube studies have shown activity against common respiratory pathogens, suggesting licorice may help address some of the underlying causes of respiratory infections alongside symptom relief. For more on natural remedies, explore the potential benefits of hyssop in respiratory health.

How Licorice Soothes Coughs and Bronchial Irritation

When consumed as a tea or lozenge, licorice root releases mucilaginous compounds that coat the throat and upper respiratory passages. This protective layer helps shield irritated tissues from further irritation while simultaneously reducing the tickling sensation that triggers coughing fits. Meanwhile, compounds like glycyrrhizin and liquiritin work internally to modulate the inflammatory response and reduce excessive mucus production.

For bronchial conditions, licorice appears to work as an expectorant, helping to thin mucus secretions while relaxing bronchial spasms. This combination makes breathing easier while facilitating the productive removal of congestion. Preliminary research also suggests licorice may have particular benefits for those with asthma, as it appears to influence certain inflammatory pathways involved in bronchial constriction.

Traditional herbalists often pair licorice with other respiratory herbs like thyme, marshmallow root, or wild cherry bark to create comprehensive cough formulas. These combinations take advantage of licorice’s synergistic properties – its ability to enhance the effects of other herbs while often reducing their potential harshness.

Making an Effective Licorice Tea for Sore Throats

A simple yet effective licorice root tea can be prepared by simmering 1-2 teaspoons of dried licorice root pieces in 8 ounces of water for 10-15 minutes. For enhanced effectiveness, consider adding a slice of fresh ginger and a teaspoon of raw honey after the tea has cooled slightly. This combination addresses multiple aspects of a sore throat: the licorice soothes irritation, ginger provides additional anti-inflammatory support, and honey offers antimicrobial benefits.

For those preferring convenience, many health food stores offer high-quality licorice tea bags, often blended with complementary herbs like slippery elm or marshmallow root for enhanced throat-coating properties. When selecting commercial products, look for those specifying genuine licorice root rather than simply “licorice flavor,” which may contain no actual licorice at all.

Asthma Support and Breathing Benefits

Beyond acute respiratory conditions, licorice root has shown promise for those suffering from chronic breathing difficulties like asthma. Research published in the Journal of Medicinal Food suggests that certain compounds in licorice may help relax bronchial smooth muscles and reduce airway inflammation. This dual-action approach addresses both the structural and inflammatory components of asthma symptoms.

Traditional Ayurvedic practitioners have long prescribed licorice formulations for “wheezing breath,” their historical term for asthma-like conditions. Modern understanding explains why this approach was effective – licorice appears to inhibit specific inflammatory mediators involved in bronchial constriction while promoting healthier immune responses in respiratory tissues.

While not a replacement for prescribed asthma medications, some practitioners suggest licorice supplements as complementary support under medical supervision. Some studies indicate that licorice may enhance the effectiveness of conventional asthma treatments while potentially allowing for reduced medication dosages in some cases. For more on the benefits of herbal remedies, check out the uses of fenugreek.

Digestive Healing: Ulcers and Acid Reflux

Perhaps licorice root’s most scientifically validated application is for digestive health, particularly in treating peptic ulcers and managing acid reflux. The root’s compounds create a protective mucus-like barrier over the stomach lining while stimulating the production of natural protective factors. Simultaneously, licorice appears to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for many stomach ulcers.

For these digestive applications, modern herbalists and integrative practitioners typically recommend deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL), a special preparation that removes most of the glycyrrhizin. This modification maintains licorice’s digestive healing properties while eliminating the potential blood pressure effects, making it suitable for longer-term use. The effectiveness of this approach has been documented in multiple clinical trials comparing DGL favorably to conventional antacids for certain digestive complaints.

Licorice’s Protective Effect on Stomach Lining

Licorice root contains compounds that stimulate the production and release of protective mucus in the stomach and intestinal lining. This increased mucus secretion creates a physical barrier between stomach acid and the delicate digestive tissues, allowing irritated areas to heal while preventing further damage. Additionally, studies indicate licorice may stimulate blood flow to the stomach lining, accelerating the repair of damaged tissue.

The flavonoid constituents in licorice appear to have specific anti-inflammatory effects on digestive tissues. By modulating prostaglandin production and reducing oxidative stress in the gastric environment, these compounds create conditions favorable for healing ulcerated areas. This multi-faceted approach explains why licorice often succeeds where single-target pharmaceutical approaches might fall short.

Traditional healers observed these effects long before modern science could explain the mechanisms. In Persian traditional medicine, for example, licorice was frequently prescribed for “stomach burning” and “intestinal wounds” – apt descriptions of what we now recognize as ulcers and gastritis.

DGL: The Safer Option for Long-Term Digestive Support

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) represents a significant advancement in herbal medicine – maintaining therapeutic benefits while removing potentially problematic compounds. By removing 97% of the glycyrrhizin content, DGL formulations eliminate concerns about blood pressure effects and potassium depletion while retaining the digestive healing properties.

For optimal effectiveness, most practitioners recommend chewing DGL tablets before meals and at bedtime. This approach allows the compounds to mix thoroughly with saliva, activating certain enzymes that enhance the protective effects. The chewed tablet creates a soothing film that adheres to the esophagus and stomach lining, providing both immediate comfort and ongoing protection. For additional natural remedies, consider exploring the benefits of ginger in supporting digestive health.

Studies comparing DGL to conventional antacids have shown promising results. A clinical trial published in the British Medical Journal found that DGL was as effective as cimetidine (a common acid-reducing drug) for healing ulcers when used consistently over 12 weeks. Unlike conventional approaches that reduce acid production, DGL appears to strengthen the body’s natural defenses while addressing underlying irritation. For more information on the benefits of licorice, you can read about licorice root on Healthline.

Research on Peptic Ulcers and GERD Relief

The scientific literature on licorice’s effectiveness for digestive complaints continues to grow. One notable study in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine followed patients with diagnosed peptic ulcers who received either DGL supplements or a placebo. After eight weeks, 91% of the DGL group showed significant improvement in symptoms and healing compared to only 22% of the placebo group.

For gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), licorice appears to offer multiple benefits. It helps tighten the lower esophageal sphincter (reducing acid backflow), protects the esophageal lining from acid damage, and reduces inflammation caused by repeated acid exposure. A German study found that a herbal preparation containing licorice significantly reduced symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation in 75% of participants after just two weeks.

These findings help explain why licorice has remained a cornerstone of digestive healing across diverse medical traditions for thousands of years. While modern pharmaceuticals often target single mechanisms like acid suppression, licorice’s multifaceted approach addresses both symptoms and underlying imbalances contributing to digestive distress.

Cooking With Licorice Root: Flavor Profiles and Uses

Beyond its medicinal applications, licorice root offers remarkable culinary versatility. Its complex flavor – simultaneously sweet, earthy, and slightly bitter – can transform both sweet and savory dishes. Professional chefs increasingly incorporate licorice into contemporary cuisine, appreciating its ability to add depth and unexpected notes to familiar recipes, much like allspice does with its unique flavor profile.

Culinary traditions across Asia have long valued licorice as a flavor enhancer. In Chinese cuisine, small amounts are added to slow-cooked meat dishes to balance flavors and add subtle sweetness without overwhelming the palate. Middle Eastern cooks incorporate licorice into spice blends for meat marinades, leveraging its natural tenderizing properties alongside its distinctive taste profile.

Licorice in Global Cuisines

In Scandinavian cuisine, licorice has transcended its medicinal origins to become a beloved flavor in everything from pastries to savory sauces. Finnish chefs create sophisticated licorice-infused seafood glazes, while Danish bakers incorporate it into breads and desserts. The Italian liqueur Sambuca derives much of its characteristic flavor from licorice extract, as do the Greek ouzo and French pastis.

Middle Eastern culinary traditions feature licorice prominently in beverages. In Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria, a refreshing drink called “erk sous” is made by soaking licorice roots in water and serving the resulting extract over ice – a tradition dating back thousands of years. This beverage is particularly popular during Ramadan for its thirst-quenching properties. For those interested in exploring more about Middle Eastern flavors, consider learning about the health benefits of allspice, another spice used in the region.

Modern chefs experiment with licorice in innovative ways, creating licorice-infused oils to finish dishes, incorporating powdered root into spice rubs, and using licorice extracts in molecular gastronomy. The root’s natural sweetness makes it an interesting alternative to sugar in certain applications, providing complex flavor alongside sweetness.

How to Prepare Raw Licorice Root for Cooking

Working with raw licorice root requires some preparation to extract its flavorful compounds. Begin by thoroughly washing the woody roots, then either grate them using a microplane or slice them thinly with a sharp knife. For liquid infusions, simmer the prepared root in water for 15-30 minutes, creating a concentrated extract that can be added to various recipes. For more details, check out this guide on cooking with licorice.

For dry applications, dried licorice root can be ground into a fine powder using a dedicated spice grinder. This powder can be incorporated directly into spice blends, baking mixes, or dry rubs. Start with small amounts – typically 1/4 teaspoon per recipe – as licorice’s flavor can quickly dominate if used too liberally.

Many culinary experts recommend pairing licorice with ingredients that share complementary flavor compounds. These include star anise, fennel, tarragon, and chocolate – all of which contain some similar aromatic components that create harmonious flavor combinations when used together.

Perfect Flavor Pairings: What Works Best With Licorice

Licorice’s distinctive flavor profile creates remarkable synergy with certain ingredients. Chocolate and licorice share several flavor compounds, explaining why this combination appears frequently in Scandinavian confections. The pairing creates depth that neither ingredient achieves alone. For a different twist, explore how ginger can also complement licorice in various dishes.

Citrus fruits, particularly orange and lemon, provide bright acidic notes that balance licorice’s earthiness. This combination appears in traditional Swedish and Finnish desserts, where licorice and citrus zest create complex flavor interplay. In savory applications, licorice pairs wonderfully with game meats like venison, duck, and rabbit, cutting through their richness while enhancing their natural flavors.

For beverage applications, licorice complements both coffee and tea. Turkish coffee traditions sometimes include a small piece of licorice root in the brewing process, while many chai tea blends incorporate jasmine for sweetness and complexity. Herbalists often include licorice in medicinal tea blends not only for therapeutic benefits but also to harmonize and improve the flavor of other, more bitter medicinal herbs.

5 Delicious Ways to Use Licorice Root in Your Kitchen

Introducing licorice root into your culinary repertoire opens a world of flavor possibilities that span cuisines and cooking styles. From simple beverages to sophisticated main courses, this versatile ingredient can transform familiar dishes with its unique character. The following applications represent accessible entry points for home cooks curious about working with this ancient flavor.

1. Infused Syrups for Beverages and Desserts

Licorice syrup is created by simmering chopped licorice root with water and sugar, then reducing the mixture by half and straining the solids. This simple process yields a concentrated, shelf-stable foundation for numerous culinary uses.

A simple licorice syrup creates a versatile foundation for numerous culinary applications. Combine 2 tablespoons chopped licorice root with 2 cups water and 1 cup sugar, simmering until reduced by half. Strain out the solids, and the resulting syrup can be added to sparkling water for a refreshing beverage, drizzled over ice cream, or incorporated into cocktails for sophisticated complexity.

This same syrup can be brushed onto cakes (such as sponge or pound cakes) before frosting. This technique adds significant moisture, prevents the cake from drying out, and imparts a subtle, complex licorice flavor that complements chocolate, citrus, or vanilla notes.

For an elegant dessert, try poaching pears in a mixture of white wine, licorice syrup, and a cinnamon stick – the resulting combination creates a sophisticated flavor profile that highlights the fruit’s natural sweetness while adding unexpected depth.

2. Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Savory Dishes

Drawing inspiration from traditional cuisines where licorice has deep roots, try incorporating small amounts of ground licorice root into spice blends for lamb or beef. A traditional Lebanese spice mixture combines licorice with cinnamon, cumin, and black pepper – perfect for marinating meat before grilling or roasting. When used in savory applications, ground licorice root, particularly the compound glycyrrhizin, acts as a subtle flavor enhancer rather than a sweetener. It provides a deep, earthy, and slightly woodsy note that complements the richness of lamb fat and boosts the overall umami profile of the dish.

For a simplified approach, add 1/4 teaspoon ground licorice root to yogurt-based marinades for chicken or fish. The licorice adds complexity while its natural enzymes help tenderize proteins. This technique works particularly well for kebabs and other grilled preparations where the caramelization of the marinade creates additional flavor dimensions.

3. Asian-Inspired Broths and Marinades

Chinese medicinal cooking often incorporates licorice root in broths and slow-cooked dishes. Create a simple Asian-inspired broth by simmering chicken bones with a small piece of licorice root, ginger, scallions, and star anise. The resulting stock provides an excellent base for noodle soups with depth and character beyond typical preparations.

For a quick marinade with Asian influences, combine soy sauce, rice vinegar, a small amount of grated licorice root, garlic, and ginger. This mixture works beautifully with salmon, tuna, or firm tofu, creating a complex flavor profile in a short marinating time. The natural compounds in licorice help the other flavors penetrate the protein while adding subtle sweetness that balances the salty soy sauce.

4. Herbal Tea Blends for Taste and Health

Creating custom tea blends allows you to enjoy licorice’s flavor alongside its medicinal benefits. Combine dried licorice root with peppermint and fennel seeds for a digestive-supporting after-dinner tea, or blend it with chamomile and lemon balm for a calming evening beverage. These blends can be adjusted to personal taste preferences while delivering gentle therapeutic effects.

For respiratory support, blend licorice root with thyme, marshmallow root, and a touch of cinnamon. This traditional combination addresses multiple aspects of respiratory health while creating a pleasant-tasting beverage. Remember that licorice’s natural sweetness eliminates the need for additional sweeteners in most tea blends.

5. Homemade Licorice Extract for Baking

Creating a concentrated licorice extract provides a shelf-stable way to add authentic licorice flavor to baked goods and desserts. Combine 1/4 cup chopped licorice root with 1 cup vodka in a sealed glass jar, allowing it to infuse for 4-6 weeks in a cool, dark place. Strain thoroughly, and the resulting extract can be added by the drop to cookies, cakes, and custards. For more information on the benefits and uses of licorice root, you can refer to this Healthline article.

This extract works particularly well in chocolate preparations, where the complementary flavor compounds create depth and complexity. Try adding a few drops to brownies, chocolate mousse, or even homemade ice cream for a sophisticated twist on familiar desserts. The extract also makes an excellent addition to homemade bitters for cocktail enthusiasts.

Important Safety Considerations

While licorice root offers numerous benefits, responsible usage requires understanding its potential contraindications and limitations. The same compounds that provide therapeutic effects can cause unwanted side effects when used inappropriately or by certain vulnerable populations. Understanding these considerations ensures you can enjoy licorice’s benefits while minimizing potential risks.

The primary safety concerns with licorice relate to its glycyrrhizin content and its potential effects on blood pressure, potassium levels, and hormone balance. These concerns primarily apply to regular consumption of whole licorice root preparations rather than occasional culinary use or DGL supplements. However, certain populations should exercise particular caution regardless of the preparation method.

Who Should Avoid Licorice Root

• People with high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disorders should consult healthcare providers before using any form of licorice containing glycyrrhizin
• Pregnant women should avoid therapeutic doses of licorice root, as some research suggests it may increase the risk of preterm labor
• Those with hormone-sensitive conditions, including breast cancer, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis, should use caution, as licorice may have mild estrogen-like effects
• People taking diuretics, heart medications, or corticosteroids should consult healthcare providers before using licorice due to potential interactions
• Individuals with severe liver disease should generally avoid licorice, as it may affect liver enzyme production

For most healthy individuals, occasional culinary use of licorice or short-term use of licorice preparations for specific conditions presents minimal risk. DGL supplements, with their reduced glycyrrhizin content, offer a safer alternative for those concerned about potential side effects but still seeking licorice’s digestive benefits.

As with any herbal remedy, the key to safe use lies in appropriate dosing, quality sourcing, and awareness of individual health factors. Consulting with a healthcare provider knowledgeable about herbal medicine can help determine whether licorice is appropriate for your specific health situation.

Medication Interactions to Watch For

Licorice root can interact with several medications in ways that may require dosage adjustments or contraindicate its use. It may potentiate the effects of corticosteroid medications, potentially increasing side effects from drugs like prednisone or hydrocortisone. This interaction occurs because glycyrrhizin affects the body’s processing of cortisol, essentially making both natural and supplemental cortisol more active in the body.

Blood pressure medications may be particularly affected by licorice consumption. The herb can counteract the effects of antihypertensive drugs, potentially leading to reduced effectiveness and increased blood pressure. Similarly, licorice may affect potassium levels when used alongside diuretics, potentially exacerbating potassium depletion and associated symptoms like muscle weakness or irregular heartbeat. For more on natural remedies, explore the benefits of ginger.

Hormonal medications, including birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, and medications for hormone-sensitive conditions, may interact with licorice’s mild phytoestrogenic effects. While these interactions are generally subtle, they warrant discussion with healthcare providers for those on long-term hormone therapies.

The Difference Between DGL and Regular Licorice Root

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) represents an important innovation in herbal medicine – providing therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential side effects. The manufacturing process removes approximately 97% of the glycyrrhizin content while preserving other beneficial compounds. This modification eliminates most concerns about blood pressure effects, potassium depletion, and hormone interactions.

DGL works primarily through local effects on the digestive tract rather than systemic effects throughout the body. When chewed and mixed with saliva, DGL tablets form a mucilaginous coating that protects irritated tissues in the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestines. This localized action makes DGL particularly effective for conditions like acid reflux, gastritis, and peptic ulcers.

For digestive applications, many practitioners consider DGL superior to whole licorice root, as it can be used safely for longer periods without monitoring for side effects. However, for certain respiratory and immune applications, whole licorice preparations may be preferred for their glycyrrhizin content. The choice between DGL and regular licorice should be guided by the specific health goals and individual risk factors.

Safe Dosages and Duration of Use

• For whole licorice root tea: Limit consumption to 1-2 cups daily for no more than 4-6 weeks continuously
• For licorice root extract: Follow manufacturer guidelines, typically 1-2 ml taken 1-3 times daily, for no more than 4 weeks
• For DGL supplements: 400-800 mg chewed 15-20 minutes before meals, generally safe for 8-16 weeks
• For culinary use: Small amounts used occasionally in cooking present minimal risk for most people
• Children’s dosages should always be adjusted downward and supervised by healthcare providers

The European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy recommends limiting glycyrrhizin intake to no more than 100 mg daily, which translates to approximately 5 grams of whole licorice root. Exceeding this amount, especially for extended periods, increases the risk of side effects, including elevated blood pressure, potassium depletion, and fluid retention. For those interested in herbal remedies, lemon balm is another option to explore.

After using licorice therapeutically for the recommended duration, a break of at least 2 weeks is advisable before resuming use. This helps prevent adaptation effects and allows the body to reset any subtle changes to hormone or electrolyte balance that may have occurred. During therapeutic use of whole licorice (not DGL), monitoring blood pressure periodically provides an additional safety measure. For those interested in herbal remedies, you might also explore the benefits of lemon balm as a complementary treatment.

For those with no contraindications, following these guidelines allows for the safe enjoyment of licorice’s benefits while minimizing potential risks. As with any herbal remedy, starting with lower doses and observing individual responses provides the safest approach to incorporating licorice into your wellness routine.

How to Choose and Store Quality Licorice Root

The therapeutic benefits and culinary applications of licorice root depend significantly on sourcing quality material. Commercial licorice products vary widely in their potency, purity, and processing methods. Understanding how to select high-quality licorice in various forms ensures you receive maximum benefit, whether using it medicinally or in cooking.

When purchasing whole licorice root, look for specimens with intact outer bark, which should be reddish-brown to dark brown in color. Quality roots will have a sweet aroma when scratched or broken and should feel dense rather than lightweight or spongy. Certified organic options reduce exposure to pesticides and other contaminants that conventional growing methods might introduce.

Forms Available: Sticks, Powder, Extract, and Teas

Licorice root is available in multiple forms, each suited to different applications. Whole root sticks provide the most versatile option for home preparation – they can be grated, chopped, or simmered whole, depending on your needs. These sticks, typically 6-12 inches in length, should be firm and relatively unbroken, with the characteristic sweet aroma when freshly cut or scratched. For those interested in other herbal remedies, consider exploring the benefits of hyssop, another versatile herb.

Powdered licorice offers convenience for culinary applications and making quick infusions. Quality powder should have a uniform, fine texture with a warm yellowish-brown color and a pronounced sweet smell. Avoid powders that appear excessively pale (suggesting dilution) or that have clumped together (indicating moisture exposure). Store powdered licorice in airtight containers away from light and heat to preserve its volatile compounds.

Identifying High-Quality Sources

When purchasing commercial licorice products, particularly supplements, several quality indicators can guide your selection. Look for products that specify the species of licorice used (preferably Glycyrrhiza glabra) and that provide standardization information – either glycyrrhizin content for whole root preparations or confirmation of the deglycyrrhizination process for DGL products.

Reputable manufacturers will provide transparency about sourcing, processing methods, and third-party testing for contaminants. For medicinal use, products certified by organizations like NSF International, USP, or the European equivalent EFSA provide additional quality assurance. Companies willing to share certificates of analysis upon request demonstrate commitment to quality and purity standards that exceed minimum requirements.

Regional variations can affect licorice quality and chemical composition. Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and European licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) have slightly different phytochemical profiles, though both offer therapeutic benefits. Many herbalists consider Mediterranean-grown licorice particularly potent for digestive applications, while Chinese varieties may offer advantages for respiratory support.

Proper Storage for Maximum Potency

Proper storage significantly affects licorice root’s shelf life and potency. Whole roots, when properly dried and stored, can maintain their therapeutic properties for up to three years. Keep them in airtight glass containers in a cool, dark location, ideally below 65°F (18°C) with relative humidity below 50%. Inspect periodically for any signs of mold or pest activity, discarding affected pieces immediately.

Powdered licorice has a shorter shelf life of approximately 12-18 months when properly stored. The increased surface area accelerates oxidation of volatile compounds, gradually diminishing both flavor and therapeutic properties. Store powder in airtight, opaque containers, preferably glass rather than plastic, which may allow migration of compounds over time. Adding a food-grade desiccant packet can help extend shelf life in humid environments.

Liquid extracts and tinctures typically maintain potency for 3-5 years when stored in amber glass bottles away from heat and light. Refrigeration is not necessary, but it can extend shelf life further. The high alcohol content of most tinctures acts as a natural preservative, maintaining the extract’s stability over extended periods.

• Whole roots: Store in airtight glass containers in cool, dark locations for up to 3 years
• Powdered licorice: Use within 12-18 months, keeping in opaque, airtight containers
• Tinctures and liquid extracts: Maintain potency for 3-5 years in amber glass bottles
• Tea bags and commercial blends: Follow manufacturer expiration dates, typically 1-2 years
• DGL tablets: Store according to manufacturer guidelines, usually 2-3 years in original containers

Regardless of form, exposure to air, light, heat, and moisture accelerates the degradation of licorice’s active compounds. When in doubt about a product’s freshness, rely on your senses – quality licorice should maintain its characteristic sweet aroma and taste. Faded color, musty odor, or diminished sweetness indicate the material has lost potency and should be replaced.

The Future of Licorice Root: Modern Research Directions

As traditional herbal medicines gain scientific validation, licorice root has emerged as a focal point for researchers across multiple disciplines. Current investigations extend far beyond its historical applications, exploring licorice’s potential against contemporary health challenges. From viral infections to metabolic disorders and even certain cancers, the humble root’s complex phytochemistry continues to yield promising research directions.

• Antiviral research examining licorice compounds against respiratory viruses
• Anti-inflammatory pathways potentially relevant to autoimmune conditions
• Hepatoprotective (liver-protective) effects against various toxins
• Neuroprotective properties relevant to cognitive health
• Potential applications in integrative cancer care protocols

Modern analytical techniques have enabled researchers to identify and isolate specific compounds from licorice that may have targeted therapeutic effects. This precision approach contrasts with traditional usage of whole herb preparations and may eventually lead to novel pharmaceutical developments based on licorice compounds. However, many researchers acknowledge that whole herb preparations often demonstrate synergistic effects that isolated compounds cannot replicate.

Sustainability has also emerged as a critical research focus. As global demand for licorice increases for both medicinal and culinary applications, wild populations face harvesting pressure. Agricultural researchers are developing cultivation methods that reduce environmental impact while maintaining or enhancing the root’s medicinal compound profile. These efforts include both traditional breeding programs and controlled environment agriculture techniques.

Integration of licorice into evidence-based clinical practice represents another important research direction. Standardized protocols for specific conditions, optimal dosing guidelines, and potential complementary relationships with conventional treatments are being explored in clinical settings worldwide. This research may eventually bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and modern medical practice, creating truly integrative approaches to health challenges, similar to the ongoing studies on fenugreek’s medicinal properties.

New Findings on Anti-Viral and Immune Support

Recent research has illuminated licorice’s potential antiviral properties, particularly against enveloped viruses affecting respiratory health. Laboratory studies demonstrate that glycyrrhizin and other licorice compounds may interfere with viral replication cycles, attachment to host cells, and penetration mechanisms. These findings have prompted an investigation into licorice’s potential role in addressing both acute viral infections and chronic viral conditions.

Beyond direct antiviral effects, researchers have identified immunomodulatory properties in licorice that may help balance immune responses. Rather than simply stimulating immunity (which can be problematic in certain autoimmune or inflammatory conditions), licorice appears to normalize immune function – enhancing inadequate responses while moderating excessive ones. This balanced approach explains licorice’s traditional use across seemingly contradictory conditions and may prove valuable for contemporary immune-related disorders.

Potential in Cancer Research

Preliminary research into licorice compounds has revealed intriguing anti-cancer potential through multiple mechanisms. Laboratory studies show certain licorice flavonoids can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, inhibit angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels that feed tumors), and reduce inflammatory signaling that promotes cancer progression. For example, the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger are also being explored for similar benefits in cancer research.

Sustainable Harvesting Concerns

As global demand for licorice continues rising across the pharmaceutical, tobacco, confectionery, and beverage industries, wild populations face significant harvesting pressure. Licorice roots require 3-4 years of growth before harvest, making rapid replenishment impossible. Additionally, over-harvesting can contribute to soil erosion and desertification in sensitive ecosystems where wild licorice naturally grows, particularly in parts of Central Asia and the Middle East.

Bringing Ancient Wisdom to Your Modern Wellness Routine

Incorporating licorice root into a contemporary wellness practice represents a beautiful bridge between ancient healing traditions and modern understanding. Whether you’re drawn to its culinary applications, medicinal properties, or both, licorice offers accessible entry points for experiencing the benefits of this time-tested botanical ally. For those interested in exploring similar botanicals, hyssop is another ancient herb worth considering.

“In an age of pharmaceutical dominance, herbs like licorice remind us that nature provides sophisticated medicines with multiple mechanisms of action. These plants don’t just mask symptoms – they support the body’s inherent healing capacities.” – Dr. Andrew Weil, Integrative Medicine Pioneer

Begin with simple applications that align with your specific health goals or culinary interests. A daily cup of licorice tea might support respiratory health during seasonal challenges, while DGL supplements taken before meals could ease digestive discomfort. In the kitchen, experimenting with small amounts of licorice in familiar recipes can introduce this unique flavor profile gradually.

Remember that herbal traditions emphasize personalized approaches and listening to your body’s responses. What works beautifully for one person may not suit another. Approach licorice with both respect for its potency and curiosity about how it might serve your unique constitution. This balanced perspective honors both traditional wisdom and modern understanding of biochemical individuality.

Frequently Asked Questions

Many people have questions about incorporating licorice root into their health and culinary practices. The following responses address common inquiries based on both traditional knowledge and current scientific understanding.

Is licorice candy made from real licorice root?

Most modern “licorice” candy contains little or no actual licorice root. Instead, manufacturers typically use anise oil or artificial flavorings to create a similar taste profile. Authentic licorice candy, particularly from European producers in countries like Finland, the Netherlands, and Italy, may contain genuine extract, often listed as “licorice root extract” on ingredient labels. The black color in most licorice candies comes from added food coloring rather than the natural color of the root.

How long does it take for licorice root to help with stomach ulcers?

When using deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) for peptic ulcers, most studies show significant symptom improvement within 2-4 weeks of consistent use. Complete healing typically requires 8-16 weeks of treatment, comparable to conventional approaches. Taking DGL in chewable form 15-20 minutes before meals provides optimal results by allowing the compounds to mix with saliva and coat the upper digestive tract.

For maximum effectiveness, consistency matters more than dosage size. Regular use of moderate amounts (typically 400-800mg taken 3 times daily) appears more effective than occasional larger doses. Some practitioners recommend continuing DGL for 1-2 months after symptoms resolve to prevent recurrence, especially for stress-related ulcers.

Individual response varies based on ulcer severity, underlying causes, and complementary approaches. Ulcers related to H. pylori infection may respond more slowly and might require additional antimicrobial herbs or conventional treatment alongside licorice for complete resolution. For example, ginger is often used for its antimicrobial properties in herbal medicine.

• Mild cases: Noticeable improvement often within 7-10 days
• Moderate cases: Significant relief typically within 2-4 weeks
• Severe cases: May require 8-12 weeks for substantial healing
• Complete resolution: Often achieved between 8-16 weeks of consistent use
• Preventative benefits: May continue with ongoing use at reduced dosages

Can I grow licorice root at home?

Licorice plants can be cultivated in home gardens in USDA hardiness zones 7-10, though they require patience and specific growing conditions. The plants need well-drained, fertile soil with neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5-8.0) and full sun to partial shade exposure. Licorice grows as a woody-stemmed perennial reaching 3-4 feet tall with compound leaves and small purple to pale blue flowers. For those interested in exploring similar plants, fenugreek is another option that thrives in comparable conditions.

For medicinal purposes, patience is essential – roots shouldn’t be harvested until plants are at least 3-4 years old to develop sufficient medicinal compounds. The root system spreads extensively, sometimes up to 4 feet horizontally, making containment advisable to prevent invasive spread. Many gardeners grow licorice in large containers or dedicated beds with root barriers to manage this tendency.

What’s the difference between Chinese and European licorice root?

Chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and European licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) represent the two most commercially significant species, each with subtle differences in chemical composition and traditional applications. While both contain glycyrrhizin and share core medicinal properties, their secondary compound profiles differ enough to influence their optimal uses. For example, lemon balm is another herb with varied applications based on its unique compound profile.

European licorice typically contains higher concentrations of glycyrrhizin (up to 2-9% compared to 1.5-7% in Chinese varieties) and has historically been preferred for digestive applications and as a sweetening agent. Its flavor profile tends to be more intensely sweet with subtle bitter undertones. Traditional European herbal traditions emphasized this species for ulcers, constipation, and as a general digestive tonic. For those interested in exploring other herbs with similar digestive benefits, ginger is another popular choice.

Chinese licorice features a more complex flavonoid profile with compounds like isoliquiritigenin present in higher concentrations. Traditional Chinese Medicine has historically favored this species for respiratory conditions, immune modulation, and as a harmonizing agent in complex formulas. It generally presents a milder sweetness with more pronounced earthy notes in its flavor profile.

• European licorice (G. glabra): Higher glycyrrhizin content, more intense sweetness, traditionally favored for digestive applications
• Chinese licorice (G. uralensis): More diverse flavonoid profile, milder sweetness, traditionally preferred for respiratory and immune support
• Russian licorice (G. glabra var. glandulifera): Higher oil content, often preferred for flavor applications in confectionery
• American licorice (G. lepidota): Less commercial significance, milder medicinal properties, but still used by some Native American traditions
• Wild vs. cultivated: Wild-harvested specimens often contain higher medicinal compound concentrations, but raise sustainability concerns

Does licorice root interact with blood pressure medications?

Licorice root containing glycyrrhizin can significantly interact with blood pressure medications, potentially counteracting their effects or creating unpredictable blood pressure fluctuations. The glycyrrhizin in regular licorice affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance – the same system targeted by many antihypertensive medications.

Particularly concerning interactions occur with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and beta-blockers. For example, licorice may reduce the potassium-sparing effects of certain diuretics, potentially leading to dangerous electrolyte imbalances. With ACE inhibitors and ARBs, licorice’s tendency to promote sodium retention can directly oppose the medication’s intended effects.

For individuals on blood pressure medications who still wish to use licorice for its therapeutic benefits, DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) provides a safer alternative. With 97% of the glycyrrhizin removed, DGL rarely causes significant effects on blood pressure or medication interactions. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining licorice in any form with prescription medications, particularly those affecting cardiovascular function.

Sources:

• Ancient Egyptian Medicine and the Ebers Papyrus – Peer-reviewed article discussing historical medical texts (Accessed October 2025)
• The Use of Licorice in Traditional Medicine – Academic source on the historical and modern applications of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Accessed October 2025)
• Archaeological Findings from Tutankhamun’s Tomb – Official museum records and historical context on grave goods (Accessed October 2025)
• Historical Use of Licorice in Egypt and the Middle East – Academic research paper detailing the history of the plant’s use (Accessed October 2025)

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